In 2022, Large Enterprises Accounted for 64.4% of Service Exports and 56.3% of Service Imports

According to international trade statistics data based on the characteristics of enterprises, in 2022, large-scale enterprises accounted for 64.4% of service exports and 56.3% of service imports.

According to a statement by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK), micro-scale enterprises with 1-9 employees made up 63.2% of the total service-exporting enterprises, contributing 6.7% to service exports. Small-scale enterprises with 10-49 employees held a 12.2% share in service exports, while medium-scale enterprises with 50-249 employees contributed 16.2%. Large-scale enterprises employing 250 or more people, which made up 3.0% of service-exporting enterprises, accounted for 64.4% of service exports.

For service imports, micro-scale enterprises with 1-9 employees constituted 54.2% of the enterprises, contributing 7.5% to service imports. Small-scale enterprises with 10-49 employees had an 8.5% share in service imports, while medium-scale enterprises with 50-249 employees accounted for 17.9%. Large-scale enterprises with 250 or more employees conducted 56.3% of service imports, representing 4.9% of the service-importing enterprises.

In 2022, the share of enterprises in service exports was as follows: 72.6% of service exports were performed by enterprises in transportation and storage activities. Among the total service exports amounting to $47.42 billion, $34.44 billion was realized by transportation and storage enterprises, while information and communication activities contributed $3.576 billion. Manufacturing enterprises exported $3.116 billion in services, and enterprises primarily engaged in finance and insurance contributed $1.571 billion to service exports.

In service trade, out of the $35.933 billion in imports, $10.604 billion was made by enterprises in the manufacturing sector. Wholesale and retail trade enterprises accounted for $6.899 billion of service imports, while enterprises in finance and insurance activities contributed $2.298 billion. Information and communication activities had a service import of $2.099 billion.

In terms of economic activity in international service trade, 15.6% of service exports and 28.7% of service imports were made by foreign-controlled enterprises.

In transportation services, which hold the largest share in service trade, 91.4% of exports and 83.7% of imports were carried out by domestically controlled enterprises. In telecommunication, computer, and information services exports, the share of Turkish-controlled enterprises was 43.5%, while foreign-controlled enterprises held 56.5%. Foreign-controlled enterprises conducted 35.4% of insurance and pension services exports and 37.6% of imports. In financial services, Turkish-controlled enterprises accounted for 60.1% of exports and 72.0% of imports.

The characteristics of enterprises engaged in international service trade are obtained by matching data from international service trade statistics (excluding travel) with structural business statistics and foreign-controlled enterprise statistics.